Sensitive teeth, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, is a common problem that is experienced by over 40% of the UK population at some point in their lives. It is typically a short, sharp pain from exposed dentin in response to stimuli (pressure changes to temperature and electrical changes).
The innermost part, the pulp of the tooth, contains all the nerves and blood vessels that keep our tooth alive; the dentin is the second innermost part that encapsulates the pulp-it is also the suspect behind tooth sensitivity.
Dentine; the inner layer of the tooth, is the part of the tooth structure that is covering and protecting the nerve endings, when exposed to extremely hot ,cold stimuli, and sweet and sour tastes, it automatically triggers a sudden impulse that make us feel a split-second, sharp pain.
When the outer layer, i.e. enamel starts to wear away then the dentin becomes hypersensitive. In some extreme cases just exposure to cold air can cause pain for people with sensitive teeth.
There are many causes of tooth sensitivity, the most common are
Tooth abrasion / Vigorous abrasive brushing; Most commonly, the problem begins when the gums recede. Like a protective blanket, the gums are supposed to cover the roots of the teeth. As gums recede, the underlying tooth roots become exposed. This could be attributed by improper heavy handed brushing of the teeth or Poor oral hygiene which can lead to plaque build-up around teeth and gums. Over time this plaque hardens into tartar. Bacteria in this tartar are responsible for the gingivitis and periodontal disease that cause gum recession.
Loose or missing fillings /crowns / Cracked Tooth; People who also have cracked teeth develop tooth sensitivity in a short period of time-more so if the cracks and cavities remain untreated. Often people wonder where the sensitivity is coming from, given the fact that they have no major cracks on their teeth. Hence, the most acute dental sensitivity comes from overlooked areas like small chipped portions on the tip of our teeth, especially canines and pre-molars.
Acidic Foods; Regular consumption of foods with a high acid content, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, pickles, and tea, can cause enamel erosion. Too much vitamin C on the teeth can cause tooth erosion as well as abrasion, which develops into tooth sensitivity.
Teeth Whitening not supervised by dental profession; tooth whiteners and toothpastes with peroxide-based bleaching agents can cause sensitive teeth. The sensitivity is often temporary, going away once you stop using the product. Looking for the best teeth whitening options for you? Talk to your cosmetic dentist.
Cracked Tooth; crunching ice, biting into hard sweets and having large fillings — they can all lead to chipped, broken teeth. Once a tooth is cracked, the nerve-rich pulp hidden deep inside the tooth can become aggravated when chewing, rubs the cracked tooth pieces together. A crack may also fill with bacteria, leading to inflammation, which can result in even more pain.
Bruxism - teeth grinding; Tooth enamel is the strongest material in your body, but it’s no match for the power of clenching or grinding. Over time, both of these often-unconscious habits can wear away tooth enamel, leaving your teeth’s nerves more vulnerable. Night guards, lifestyle changes, and even diet adjustments can all help controlling grinding and prevent any permanent damages.
Steps you can take to prevent tooth sensitivity include:
Maintain good oral hygiene. Continue to follow correct brushing and flossing techniques to thoroughly clean all parts of your teeth and mouth.
Use an extra soft toothbrush. This will result in less abrasion to the tooth surface and less irritation to your gums. Brush gently and carefully around the gum line so you do not cause more gum recession.
Use desensitizing toothpaste. Switch to a toothpaste formulated especially for sensitive teeth. Toothpastes containing potassium nitrate can help reduce tooth sensitivity. With regular use you should notice a decrease in sensitivity.
Use a fluoride mouthwash. Daily use of a fluoridated mouth rinse can decrease sensitivity. Ask your dentist about appropriate products for home use.
Avoid teeth grinding. If you grind or clench your teeth, speak to your dentist about available preventions such as a Night guard.
Watch what you eat. Frequent consumption of highly acid foods can gradually dissolve tooth enamel and lead to dentin exposure. They may also aggravate the sensitivity and start the pain reaction.
Visit your Dentist in Preston at regular intervals. Get professional oral hygiene instructions, and fluoride treatments every six months (or sooner depending on your individual condition).
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